Survival For Gleason 8

The cult of beauty in Pharaonic Egypt

Bust of Queen Nefertiti. Egyptian Museum in Berlin, Germany.
In his time, Nefertiti was considered among his conteporaneos as an icon of beauty. The meaning of his name says it all: "Beauty has come."


Women have always an obsession that has not mutated since the beginning of time. Maintaining the beauty and eternal youth.

Join me to explore and discover the secrets used by women in ancient Egypt to fulfill this dream primal feminine.

From the very beginning of Egyptian civilization, women were careful and did everything possible to get the latest discovery to enable them to always look beautiful and young.
A good example of the beauty of Egyptian women have been for many years, the polychrome bust of Nefertiti found in the Egyptian city of Amarna in 1912.
When assessing the bust of the wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten more importate of the XVIII dynasty, we can realize the concerns that were female, compared to the beauty care. For example, we see through this representation that Egyptian women used since that time and lipstick, but its use should be made cautiously, because lips are painted could confuse them with the world's oldest workers.
In these times, it was standard among high-class women use a wide range of creams and ointments to prevent wrinkles and tighten skin, so that you always see young and radiant.
In the famous Ebers medical papyrus are a large number of promising recipes amazing results to the women who use it.
Mural depicting a high-class woman, I combed through his personal hairdresser



"incense, beeswax, olive oil and fresh pine needles. Crushes, crushes, inside fresh milk and apply on face for six days. You see the result! "(Ebers papyrus)
Another recipe to keep the youth of the face:" Gum turpentine, 1 part, wax, 1 part; ben oil 1 part fresh, edible calamus, part 1. Mash well and put it in the mucilage. Apply every day. Then you'll see! "

"another remedy for the meat surface becomes perfect, 1 part alabaster powder, 1 part of natron, 1 part sea salt, 1 part honey. Mix and apply rubbing on the skin (Ebers 715) This last recipe function was to make the face look as straight as possible and thus make the skin young again see.

addition to all these beauty creams, women wore eye shadow and eyelashes, as recognized KHOL, dust to enhance the lines of the eyes, which will become a hallmark of Egyptian imagery.


Dancers. Thebes, tomb of Nebamón (XVIII din)
If you look at the heads of these women, we can see some cones. These cones was one of the ways women used perfumes.


These shadows, besides being used for fashion, served as protection from the sun in a hot environment such as the Egyptian.
But despite what we believe, due to high temperatures, the Egyptian civilization became one of the most hygienic of antiquity, creating a number of products and behaviors that are based on our current cult of cleanliness.
For example, the Egyptians were the first men they used deodorant in antiquity, based on a mixture of turpentine, incense and some perfumes that rubbed against the body to hide the odor. Women also use these products, also pluck a large part of the body. Every other day, as we consider the Greek historian Herodotus, who lived some time between them.
But believe it or not, in Egyptian society, not only women were no strangers to beauty products. Have also been found in the Ebers papyrus, recipes for men. Highlights including a recipe, since that time has tried to solve a problem that has troubled men today. Baldness. Deputy

the recipe in case any reader wants to take risks. Who knows! Perhaps it might be.

Recipe to grow the hair of a bald person: fat of a lion, hippopotamus fat, fat crocodile, fat cat, fat snake, goat fat. Prepare a dough. And spread to her head the bald. " (Ebers papyrus)

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Part Two: Murder of Cleopatra

Bust of Cleopatra VII, Young.


Part II: Another

edges used by the researcher and his team to defend his thesis is the letter that supposedly, Cleopatra sent Octavio Augusto. In this letter, The Queen of Upper and Lower Egypt recounts his decision to commit suicide with Octavio. Judging from the findings of the Examiner, it is very unusual for someone to send a suicide note with his captor, if you really want to assassinate him, knowing that it was very close to her and to learn what tried, could well stop.
suicide letters usually are left at the scene of death as a witness, as the expert in homicide and not sent before the event.
Again I think we can refute this interpretation, trying to understand the thinking of people who participated in the drama and its historical context.

First is very likely that a woman like Cleopatra, with all the power he had and the pride generated by this merger, decide to insult and ruin the victory of Augustus, using the last letter he had in hand. Usurping the pleasure of showing defeated and humiliated in front of the Romans, by taking his life, before being taken as trophies of war to Rome.

Cleopatra was a very cultured and intelligent. Its proximity to Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, you could get Roman traditions concerning the treatment of large enemies and use as a symbol of victory in the ceremonies when a general came victorious from a major military campaign.
In these ceremonies called "Triumphs" prisoners of war were most significant relevant action in a religious drama that is orchestrated in honor of the gods of Rome, which ended with the strangulation death of a captive enemy. For this reason, it is certain that this woman knew its dramatic end in the hands of Augustus. It is therefore very likely to have decided to suicide, and the way he did. This act would get a double victory over the Romans.

First, would shame the proud Octavio to perform a masterful escape from their clutches, leaving it unable to perform his triumph. Second, in summarizing his death through a bite from a Egyptian cobra and concrete so mystical and religious sacrifice, a victory would still be larger than the first, remaining forever in the collective unconscious of his subjects as the reincarnation of the goddess Isis.

Cleopatra and theatrical appearance in front of Julio Cesar

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THE MURDER OF CLEOPATRA

Rixen Jean Andre (1846-1924)
Introduction:

According to a latest research conducted by the channel "Discovery Channel" there would be ample evidence that lead to change the caption on the death of the last queen of Egypt, Cleopatra.

Through research of a police forensics, this channel came to the conclusion that Cleopatra had committed suicide, as has been believed for centuries, but it must have been murdered by Augustus, the first Emperor of Rome.

Through expert analysis, the researcher was studying point about the events surrounding the death of the Queen and through his appreciation police found a large number of prints on his death which led to affirm the theory of murder political.

Although this study is a certain logic and possibility, in my view, a mistake very common in these new historical research. Enhances our way of seeing things, events, motivations and intentions of the acts performed by men of the past.
is very difficult to understand the reasons for the actions of human beings who lived in other times, if we can not put ourselves in their circumstances and intgentar see the world through their eyes.
Although the passions, visions and goals of human beings have not changed much through the generations, the interpretations of them, they mutate from the time where you look, making history a living organism. Therefore, I believe that this research Adolesce a thorough analysis of the thinking of the participants of this significant historical tragedy.

Development:

One of the points, stronger, research shown on the cable channel on which underpinned much of the new theory of the death of Cleopatra, focuses on the effectiveness of poison of the snake, which according to historians Dio Cassius and Plutarch, have killed the queen.
Through a study of the potential lethal bite of the Egyptian cobra, which is used to commit suicide Cleopatra, the researcher and a group of scientists concluded that the inability of Cleopatra and her two maids had died in less than two hours, the product of the power of the poison of this animal. This had given a loose range of time Octavio Augusto, his captor, to find still alive, the three women and try to do something to reverse this situation. Octavio Augusto
was located in the palace of Cleopatra, only a few miles from where she was imprisoned with her servants.
After making the study of this poison, we studied another deadly potion, well known at the time, the hemlock.

This poison, known for being used in the death sentence of the Greek philosopher Socrates, was analyzed by the same scientific group that discovered the need for a large amount of this potion to be killed quickly these three women, also ruling out this possibility. Here we find one of the first weaknesses of the investigation.
What would have happened if Cleopatra possessed another type of poison, far more deadly and effective, and only had used the snake with another intention?

At that time, in Egypt, knew a great range of plants and animals, especially poisonous and potentially deadly mix which was very effective for rapid and fulminant deaths. Another

edges coroner investigating the police and his group and they use to defend his thesis is that Cleopatra would have sent a letter to Octavio Augusto. In this letter, the queen of all Egypt tells his decision to commit suicide .... Octavio

continue.

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The example of an ancient Roman for new generations


The concept of public service
In ancient Rome.

In recent weeks we have seen in the student movement a group of young, spokespeople for the movement, sacrificing, time, rest and forces in pursuit of their causes. But at the same time, these students have had to suffer as a result of this, a great media exposure and all that entails.
latter has led some people to wonder about the situation these young people face, then return to be ordinary citizens, the same routine and invisibility of the vast majority of ordinary Chileans.

is said that power corrupts and that the closer you are to him in time and degree, is much more difficult to quit.
Having been at the forefront of the student movement, has brought these young people to these levels of power, which, like many other things, is a highly addictive drug. JJ
Tolkien, was illustrated well through his trilogy "The Lord of the Rings", through the mysterious power exerted by the ring famous people who possessed it, making a real wild animals, if someone tried to take away their "precious ring."

But there are these examples of negative changes that may result in prolonged contact with the power, people, history also provides examples of men and women who have been incorruptible against the temptations that exercises this brilliant ring.

History of Ancient Rome, has left us a number of men who were an example in his time, stoicism and indifference against the tentacles of power.
One of them, the famous Roman general, Lucius Cincinnatus Quintius (519-439) has been remembered by history, by their disaffection towards power and self-sacrifice, however, a pure and honest public service.

After a strong shock is in the Senate of Rome, Cincinnatus decided to leave politics and move to his farm on the outskirts of the city, where with his own hands, is dedicated to cultivate their land with his family and slaves.
Past few years, in 458 BC, Rome was confronted with a dangerous movement of nearby tribes that they intend to invade. The city of Rome sent an army by the Consul Minucia to suffocate, but the inability of the consul are falling to the army in an ambush where they are surrounded and encircled by the troops of the tribe of the EUCOS. The Senate and the Roman people to realize the serious situation meet, decide to seek the one man who they believe can save Rome, General Cincinnatus.

Legend has it that upon arrival the delegation of the senate, the house of Lucius Quintius, found him plowing his field in broad daylight, with his son and slaves.

The Senate gives the position of dictator Cincinnatus, who was rarely given to people, because of the privileges that entailed.

The office of dictator, lasted 6 months and during that time, who holds this post, I had all the powers of the Roman state in their hands.

The Romans believed that in complex and catastrophic situations really was a man need only concentrate todo el poder, para así tomar medidas rápidas y eficientes y no perder valioso tiempo en debates, votaciones y conversaciones que sólo llevaban a la inacción. Pero tanto poder en manos de sólo una persona, también acarreaba grandes peligros, como abusos, corrupción y sobre todo la adicción al poder que podía llevar a un ambicioso hombre a tratar convertirse en un verdadero Rex (rey), pero a pesar de lo que cualquier persona hubiera pensado, cincinato venció rápidamente a los enemigos de roma y en vez de quedarse durante los restantes meses con el poder total que le daba la dictadura, opto por dejarlo inmediatamente después de haber derrotado al ejército de los Eucos y volvió a lo que había dejado unfinished product of war. A work their land as any farmer more.

Cincinnatus took the attitude that so impressed the Romans of his time after his death, he became a canon as an example to all Romans and the new generation who grew up listening to the story of the Famous General Lucio Quintius Cincinnati in a battle that had defeated two great enemies.

"The valiant people of the EUCOS, but on this, the dangerous and addictive power, through a sincere and genuine sense of public service."

Gabriel Carranza Garcés.

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The immortality in the Ancient

Achilles: Mythical Hero Greek and an example that all young Greek tried to follow in order to gain immortality.


"human groups for the formation of a common past, the development of a collective memory, found this all in an" old "and vanished but whose reminder is necessary, as something shared unanimous, means first of all give dead certain characters or certain aspects of such characters, under proper funeral ritual, a social status through which are communicated, if only in his capacity as dead, with the center of the present life, thanks to which are intervening in it, through which continue playing an important asset in the space of social forces that balance depends on both the community and the permanence of the order. "

Jean-Pierre Vernant.
The Individual, Death and Love in Classical Greece. Editorial
Paidós. Pg 103



This feature of human groups referred to the historian Vernant, it is natural to all societies and cultures, but also times or historical period.
But for the Greek antiquity, the only way a real transcendence after death, was to the beautiful death, ie death in the battlefield, in the prime of his youth. Only then, his name would be remembered forever and not be part of the large number of unknown dead.
These people who managed this death, were known as heroes, to whom they are remembered in epics and marked by example, to new generations.

"Thanks to the glory that has been able to conquer dedicating his life to combat, the hero falls in the collective memory the fact that the individual subject as expressed in a biography which death, putting final has unalterable fact .

Ibid. Pg 91.

"Hector: I can not imagine dying without a fight, not without glory (AKLEIOS) without making even a feat whose story is known by men of tomorrow. "

Iliad XXII, 304.


in Chilean society, which would be some of these characters, who after his death, still gravitate to its historical significance to our culture and country?

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Epitaph of an Egyptian in Roman times


O Traveller, stop by me, and learn well who I was:
Bessarion's Most loved are, by name Krokodeilos,
But two and twenty summer was my whole life's span.
Entombed my body lies, beneath a mass of sand,
But my soul's gone heav'nwards, to Oblivion's land.
Some day, all mortal men in Hade Must reside;
This Thought Brings comfort to the shades of Those who've died.

Epitaph of Krokodeilos.
From late Imperial times, found at Saqqara. Egypt.

From the book: The Mysterious Fayum Portraits. Faces From Ancient Egypt.

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medieval man and his relationship with God

Brunegel painting by Pieter the Elder.

If in ancient times, the man was the center of study and assessment, in the "Middle Ages" everything will revolve around the immaterial, of religion and God. Relegating the man and his material needs, desires, and thoughts through second grade.

The best example I can bring, is the representation they had, the gods and God in these two periods of history.

If by Greek or Roman gods were ultimately represented in the image and likeness of man, his passions, desire, physical fitness, but also of his happiness, joy and feasting. For medieval man, is he who is to represent the image and likeness of God but a God very different from those who knew the men of antiquity.
This point is substantial and essential when understanding differences in the way of life in these two stages.
will be thanks to these fundamental differences, the renaissance man (Man that new value to the individual, as a center of study, discussion and historical assessment) appoint to this period of history, "Middle Ages, considering a dark period, a decline of humanity among the old and the new revival of humanities from the XVI century. According to the vision

Renaissance man of the Middle Ages there remained immersed in a cultural and intellectual obscurantism relegated him to a miserable condition and devolution because his whole life was dedicated to not make any mistakes against God and his laws and not lose one of the few places in paradise after death. That is, the medieval man lived his life after death, thought the 24 hours a day on it. Its proximity overwhelmed him, forcing him to think about every attitude, action or thought I had, if one was going against what God imposed as a way of life. everyone on earth was relegated after the spiritual world, but from an apocalyptic vision, denial and grief.
Only those who suffered and endured in the underworld, the sky would win and the more we get close to these parameters, we would be closer to the prize.

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ONE OF THE CAUSES OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. CARPE DIEM

ONE OF THE CAUSES OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
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1-emergence of Eastern religions.

One of the most popular Eastern religions was that of the god Mithras
was connected with the sun.


The emergence of Eastern religions in the Roman Empire, was undermining the relationship of man with his world, his state and its official religion. Formerly

man societies of Greece and Rome, lived for maintenance and durability of the state and the community. There were personal and individualistic thoughts among people of pagan antiquity. One
born, lived and died for the maintenance and survival of the common good and the nation.
Religion had as one of its purposes; encourage, motivate and teach the way of community sacrifice, as in antiquity, religion and the nation-state are intertwined in a single, indivisible entity. All

a person's life revolved around the needs of society and have been, closely related to religion and commanding officer forced to follow the fees charged by the state, they were the same as those that ordered the gods mortals. But unlike these conceptions and traditions, religions and beliefs that came from the east in the early first century AD, sponsoring a new vision of the man-gods, man-state. They called for a personal salvation and individual soul, an intimate walk away from the firstborn order of existence, the service body and soul to a theocratic state.
result of these new influences, it was causing a gap between the relationship of subjugation of the individual against the masses, motivating a more intimate relationship with the gods.
The best reflection of the dramatic changes brought
Eastern religions, was observed in the aspirations Roman burial of man.
Where once the reward after the death of a Roman was to be recognized and honored by the new generations, because the services he and his predecessors had given to state and community. After the emergence of these new religions, the reward was no longer in the material world, but in a world heritage, after this earthly life and earned through personal sacrifice.

The new hero was no longer the man who sacrificed his life for fame, honor and glory of Rome and the state, but the man represented by the monks and Christian priests, who now sacrifice their lives for the salvation of souls in the afterlife.

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found at Pompeii Mosaic representing the uncertain fate. CARPE DIEM

. This word, as used throughout the world, has its origins in the ancient world and especially the Romans.
Much of the ancient peoples believed that fate was not in his hands and was run by gods that made their lives what they wish. For this reason, many people that in his view, had little interference in the future of their lives, believed that what he had to do with the short and uncertain life, was living in the moment and not worry about the future.

Why worry about a future that was driven by other forces? such as the Fates, who spun, tangled, and finally cut it, when they wanted, the thread of life. So many men and women looking to satisfy all your desires and passions hiding behind the famous sentence and was because this concept of life, which is poorly understood the maxims of the famous philosopher of the Garden, Epicurus.

A good example of the strength I had this conception of life, can be found in the story that Herodotus, the father of history, a strange custom of the Egyptians who performed before a major feast.

According to this historian, before the servants came in with the food, walked an empty sarcophagus among the guests and only after all to see, appeared all the food and everyone could eat. Judging from
A by Herodotus, the Egyptians performed the rite in order for everyone to realize how short of life, and understand that if they were now eating with friends, tomorrow maybe, could be dead. Therefore, it was better to eat, drink their fill because no one knows the future.

also found many examples of this philosophy of life in the Roman world and one of the best exponents of this view of life, was the poet Horace, who wrote about this in many of his odes, and epigrams Epode. One of the most importates, Oda is 11.

"You do not ask-sin know! - What purpose to me, what gave you the gods, Leuconoe, or consult the Babylonian cabal.
much better to endure whatever comes, and if we have more winters us concedido Jupiter o si es el último éste que ahora deja sin fuerza al mar Tirreno batiéndolo contra los escollos que se le enfrentaba!
Sé sabia, filtra el vino y, siendo breve la vida, corta la esperanza larga. Mientras estamos hablando, habrá escapado envidiosa la edad: aprovecha el día, fiando lo menos posible en el que ha de venir."

Horacio. Oda 11
Epodos y Odas. Editorial Alianza. pg 77.